Glue Record

DNS Record Types
An A or AAAA record stored at the parent zone to prevent circular dependencies when a nameserver is inside the domain.
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What is a Glue Record?

A Glue Record is an A or AAAA record stored in the parent DNS zone that provides the IP address of a nameserver when that nameserver's hostname is within the domain it serves, preventing a circular dependency in DNS resolution.

The Circular Dependency Problem

Without Glue Records (Circular Dependency):

Query: "What is the IP of www.example.com?"

Resolver asks: "Who are the nameservers for example.com?"

Answer: ns1.example.com

Resolver asks: "What is the IP of ns1.example.com?"

Needs to query example.com nameservers...

But we don't know their IP! (Loop)

How Glue Records Solve This

With Glue Records at .com TLD:

.com Zone File:

example.com. NS ns1.example.com.

example.com. NS ns2.example.com.

ns1.example.com. A 192.0.2.1 ← Glue Record

ns2.example.com. A 192.0.2.2 ← Glue Record

Resolution Flow:

Query for www.example.com

.com servers return NS records + Glue IPs

Resolver can now contact 192.0.2.1 directly

Resolution completes successfully

When Glue Records Are Required

Nameserver LocationGlue RequiredExample
Within same domainYesns1.example.com for example.com
Different domainNons1.hostingco.com for example.com
Subdomain of targetYesns1.dns.example.com for example.com

Glue Record Types

Record TypePurposeExample
AIPv4 address for nameserverns1.example.com A 192.0.2.1
AAAAIPv6 address for nameserverns1.example.com AAAA 2001:db8::1

Common Configuration Scenarios

Scenario 1: Self-hosted nameservers

Domain: example.com

Nameservers: ns1.example.com, ns2.example.com

→ Glue records REQUIRED at registrar

Scenario 2: Third-party nameservers

Domain: example.com

Nameservers: dns1.provider.com, dns2.provider.com

→ No glue records needed

Scenario 3: Vanity nameservers pointing elsewhere

Domain: example.com

Nameservers: ns1.example.com → CNAME dns1.provider.com

→ INVALID - NS records cannot point to CNAMEs

→ Must use glue records with actual IPs

Managing Glue Records

Glue records are configured at your domain registrar, not in your DNS zone:

1. Log into registrar control panel

2. Navigate to nameserver/host records section

3. Create host records with nameserver hostname and IP

4. Assign those nameservers to your domain

Best Practices

1. Provide both IPv4 and IPv6: Add A and AAAA glue records

2. Use multiple IPs: Different IPs for ns1 and ns2 for redundancy

3. Keep records updated: Change glue if nameserver IPs change

4. Verify propagation: Check glue with dig +trace

Troubleshooting

# Check glue records for a domain

dig +trace example.com NS

# Verify glue is present in TLD response

dig @a.gtld-servers.net example.com NS +norec

Glue records are essential DNS infrastructure that enables domains to use self-hosted nameservers while maintaining a resolvable DNS hierarchy.

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